Implement for determining angles.



No. 800,964. PATBNTED 00T. 3, 1905. H. H. WINSHIP.

IMPLEMENT POR DETERMINING ANGLES.

APPLIoATIoN FILED JAN. 21, 1905.

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UNITED STATES lPATENT OFFIOE.

INIPLENIENT FOR DETERNHNING ANGLES.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 3, 1905.

Application filed January 21, 1905. Serial No. 242,118. A

To nJ/Z whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I. HARRY H. WINSHIP, a citizen of the United States, residing at West Union, in the county of Custer and State of Nebraska, have invented a new and useful Implement for Determining Angles, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to implements for determining angles of various degrees and for various purposes, and has for its object to produce a simply-constructed and convenient device whereby a plurality of predetermined angles may be readily and accurately ascertained.

IVith these and other objects in view, which will appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the same consists in certain novel features of construction, as hereinafte fully described and claimed. L

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which corresponding parts are denoted by like designating characters, is illustrated the preferred form of embodimentof the invention capable of carrying the same into practical operation, it being understood that the invention is not necessarily limited thereto, as various changes in the shape, proportions, and general assemblage of the parts may be resorted to without departing from the principle of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

The improved implement comprises a base member upon which the novel arrangement of lines forming the principal feature of this invention are disposed, and this base member will preferably be a carpenters square substantially of the usual construction and having the usual graduations, and for the purpose of illustration the invention is shown thus applied.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a View of the improved implement viewed from one side, and Fig. 2 is a similar View of the other side. Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are diagrammatic views illustrating various methods of employing the implement.

The carpenters square, herein illustrated in conventional form, has one blade 10 twentyfour inches long, and another blade 11, commonly called the tongue and disposed at right angles thereto and eighteen inches long, and both blades graduated in inches and fractions of inches in the usual form.

The improvement herein disclosed comprises a plurality of lines radiating at certain predetermined angles from a common point on the base member, preferably at the edge on another side of the same, and with other lines radiating at certain predetermined angles from one or more of the terminals of the first-mentioned lines and extending thence over the base member and preferably concentrating to a common center or point thereon.

When a carpenters square is employed as a base member, the radiating lines will be disposed thereon by cutting into the face of the metal in the same manner as the ordinary graduations are formed and will commence, as at 12, and on one blade radiate therefrom at certain predetermined angles and extend over the other blade 11 and terminate, as at 13, at the outer edge of the same.'t From one or more of the terminal points-13 other lines radiate at certain predetermined angles and extend across both blades. 11 1() and terminate, as at 14, at the outer edge of the blade 10. Preferably the lines from the terminals 13 will concentrate to a common point 14 on the blade 10, as shown.

The angles employed may be of any degree and used for any desired purpose; but for illustration the angles generally used by carpenters and builders in determining the various angles of the rafters, braces, and like angularly-disposed frame members of buildings are the ones placed on the implement as illustrated in the drawings and will be describedsomewhat in detail. For instance, the lines shown radiating from the point 12 on the blade 10 are the angles generally employed for cutting hip-rafters, the angles shown being for three-fourths, two-thirds, one-half, one-third, and one-fourth pitch, respectively, and these lines are thus marked, as shown. The lines leading from the various terminals of the lines radiating from the point l2 and concentrating at the point 14 are the angles usually employed in cutting thecommon rafters, and the angles shown are for pitches corresponding to the pitches of the hip-rafters. Thus the line radiating from the terminal of the angle for a hip-rafter of three-fourths pitch will be the one employed for determining athree-fourthspitch common rafter, and so on throughout the series,as shown,the "common-rafter lines concentrating at 14, as above stated. Of course it will be obvious that the series of angles may be varied to any desired extent and any desired degree of angularity employed for the various lines,but those shown are the ones usually IOO IIO

employed in building operations. The base member may also be employed for receiving various other lines disposed at various angles for the other members of a buildingsuch as braces, the side and back bevels of hiprafters, jack-rafters, and the like.

The improved square as manufactured has a line leading from the twelve-inch mark on the outer edge of the blade l0 to the sixinch mark on the tongue 11, which corresponds tothe angle of a common rafter of one-fourth pitch; one line from the twelveinch mark on the blade to the eight-inch mark on the tongue which corresponds to the angle of a common rafter of one-third pitch; one line from the twelve-inch mark on the blade to the twelve-inch mark on the tongue which corresponds to a common rafter of one-half pitch; one line from the twelve-inch marken the blade to the sixteen-inch mark on thetongue which corresponds to the angle of a common rafter of two-thirds pitch; one line from the twelve-inch mark on the blade to eighteen-inch mark on the tongue which corresponds to the angle of a common rafter at three-fourths pitch. Lines fromy the various terminals of these commou-rafter angle-lines lead to one common center at the seventeeninch mark on the blade and represent the angles for the various hip-rafters-corresponding inl pitch to the common rafters, as above described. l

One l-ine leads from the three and threefourths inch mark on the blade to the three aud' five-sixteenths mark ou the tongue which corresponds tothe side bevel of a hip-rafter of one-fourth pitch. One line leads from the three and three-fourths mark on the blade to the four and one-eighth inch mark on the tongue and corresponds to the side bevel of a hi-.p-rafter of one-third pitch, one line from the three'aud three-fourths inch mark on the blade to the four and nine-sixteenths mark on the tongue and corresponds tothe side bevel of a hip-rafter of one-half pitch, one line from the three and. three-fourths inch mark on the blade to theV iive and three-eighths mark on the tongue and correspondsv to the side bevel of a hip-rafter of two-thirds pitch, and one line from the three and three-fourths inch mark on the blade to the five and nine-sixteenths mark on the tongue and corresponding to the sidev bevel of a hip-rafter of three-fourths pitch.

A. series of lines lead from the nineteen-inch mark ou the outer edge of the blade respectively to the eighteen and one-eighth, eighteen and five-sixteenths, eighteen and iive-eighths, eighteen and seven-eighths, and eighteen and ifteen-sixteenthsinch marks on the inner edge of the bladeand corresponding to the back bevels of hip-rafters of one-fourth, one-third, one-half, two-thirds, and three-fourths pitch, respectively.

Aseries of lines lead from the live and threefourths mark on the tongue respectively tothesix and seveu-sixteenths, six and live-sixteenths` eight and three-sixteenths, nine and five-eighths, and ten and seven sixtecnths marks on the blade, the angles corresponding, respectively, to the side bevels of jack-rafters of one-fourth` one-third` one-half, twothirds, and three-fourths pitch, respectively. By this means it will be obvious that all the various bevels and angles of the common hip and jack rafters may be readily laid out and with accuracy and in a comparatively short time.

The obverse surface of the implement represented in Fig. 1 is provided with lines disposed at angles which correspond to the angles of various geometrical figuressuch as octagons, hexagons, pentagons, and the like as well as one line leading' `from the eight and one-half inch mark on the blade to the six-inch mark on the tongue and corresponding to the angle of braces as usually employed in buildings. A line is also arranged from the liveinch mark on the tongue to the four and sevensixteenths inch mark on the blade, the distance on the blade corresponding to the side of a square and the distance on the tongue corresponding to the diameter of a circle of approximately equal area. Aline is also arranged from the four-inch mark on the tongue to the nine and seven-tenths inch mark on the blade, the longer distance corresponding to the diameter of a hexagonal figure measured between the iiat surfaces and the shorter distance corresponds to the Width of one of the fiat surfaces of the same figure. The graduations for the seven and seventeen inch marks of the blade are extended inwardly to define them more clearly, and the distance between these marks (ten inches) is equal to one of the iiat surfaces of an Octagon iigu re, the diameter of which, measured between the fiat surfaces, is equal to the whole length of the blade, or twenty-four inches.

It will thus be obvious that an extensive variety of dimensions of various kinds are compactly and conveniently arranged and easily -pitch cutting thelower line of the joint which will give the required angle to cut olf the ridge end, and then by repeating the operation at the other end the wall-plate end can be marked and cut.

ln Figs. 4, 5, and 6 is shown the manner of ascertaining the various bevels and angles for the hip-rafters, jack-rafters, braces, and the like, which may be quickly transferred to lOO IIO

ISO

material to be cut by means of an ordinary carpenters bevel, (represented at 16.)

In Fig. 8 is shown the manner of ascertaining the approximate circumference of a circle from the diameter, which is done by first setting the bevel to correspond to the angle leading from the live-inch mark on the tongue to the four and seven-sixteenths mark on the blade to obtain the proper angle, and then set the bevel implement upon the tongue of the improved implement at the mark corresponding to the diameter of the circle it is desired to measure, when the graduation which the blade of the bevel reaches on the blade Will denote the circumference ofthe circle approximately. Thus the circumference of any circle within the range of the tongue portion of the implement may be quickly ascertained. It will also be obvious that given the circumference of any gure the diameter may be as quickly ascertained by merely reversing the action.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is- A carpenters square having a plurality of lines radiating' from a common point upon the outer edge of the blade member and eX- tending across the same and the tongue member and intersecting the outer edge of the latter at predetermined angles of common rafters, and other lines leading across the tongue from the outer ends of the first-mentioned lines and converging to a common point at the outer edge of the blade member at angles with the outer edge of the tongue member in accordance with the angles of respective corresponding hip-rafters.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto axed my signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

HARRY H. WIN SHIP.

' Witnesses: i

WILLIAM WILLIAMS, MARY J. RODERICK. 

